{"id":4608,"date":"2024-05-08T14:52:31","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T12:52:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kominox.sk\/miert-eppen-1-4404\/"},"modified":"2024-05-17T13:03:05","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T11:03:05","slug":"miert-eppen-14404","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.kominox.sk\/hu\/miert-eppen-14404\/","title":{"rendered":"Mi\u00e9rt \u00e9ppen 1.4404"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Na internete sa n\u00e1jde viacero f\u00f3r, kde sa debatuje o vhodnosti materi\u00e1lu 1.4404 pre vlo\u017ekovanie kom\u00ednov na tuh\u00e9 paliv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

U\u017e hne\u010f na za\u010diatku by sme chceli ujasni\u0165 nie\u010do. Norma<\/strong> STN EN 15287-1 + A1 (73 4216) \u2013 Kom\u00edny. Navrhovanie, mont\u00e1\u017e a prev\u00e1dzkovanie kom\u00ednov. \u010cas\u0165 1: Kom\u00edny pre otvoren\u00e9 spotrebi\u010de pal\u00edv (kateg\u00f3ria D2, drevo \u2013 zatvoren\u00e9 ohnisko \u2013 such\u00e1 prev\u00e1dzka) jednozna\u010dne odpor\u00fa\u010da<\/strong> materi\u00e1l X2CrNiMo 17 \u2013 12 \u2013 2 (1.4404)<\/strong>. (1)<\/p>\n\n

Po\u010fme tro\u0161ku \u0161ir\u0161ie rozobra\u0165 o ak\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku vlastne ide pri k\u00faren\u00ed dreva v kozuboch a na \u010do vlastne navrhujeme materi\u00e1l. Spa\u013eovanie dreva prebieha pri teplot\u00e1ch 900 \u2013 1100 \u00b0C, ale vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee zdroj tepla m\u00e1 nejak\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a hlavne s tou teplotou chceme k\u00fari\u0165 a nie iba vypusti\u0165 cez kom\u00edn do okolia, v\u00fdstupn\u00e1 teplota spal\u00edn<\/strong> v kom\u00edne je 150 \u2013 250 \u00b0C <\/strong>(ako uv\u00e1dza v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u00fdrobca kozubov\u00fdch vlo\u017eiek v technickom listu vlo\u017eky).<\/p>\n\n

Pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed n\u00e1m vznikn\u00fa aj r\u00f4zne ne\u017eiaduce zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky, napr\u00edklad tuh\u00e9 zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky (TZL) ako je popol\u010dek a sadze, oxid uho\u013enat\u00e9ho (CO), oxidy dus\u00edka (NOx<\/sub>) a organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (TOC). (2)<\/p>\n\n

Pri spr\u00e1vnom k\u00faren\u00ed drevom chemick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie spal\u00edn nemalo robi\u0165 probl\u00e9m, ale ke\u010f \u010dlovek pou\u017e\u00edva \u010derstvo nar\u00faban\u00e9 drevo, alebo nedostato\u010dne vysu\u0161en\u00e9 drevo, tak spaliny m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00fd podiel vlhkosti. T\u00e1 vlhkos\u0165 pri mie\u0161an\u00ed s ostatn\u00fdmi zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facimi l\u00e1tkami nie iba vytv\u00e1ra kysl\u00e9 prostredie a decht (\u010do potom zan\u00e1\u0161a kom\u00edn a aj m\u00f4\u017ee reagova\u0165 oce\u013eou) ale aj zn\u00ed\u017ei v\u00fdhrevnos\u0165 dreva.<\/p>\n\n

Tabu\u013eka 1- Vplyv vlhkosti dreva (3)<\/p>\n\n

Kvalita dreva<\/strong><\/td>Objem vodyv g na 1kg dreva<\/strong><\/td>Objem vodyv %<\/strong><\/td>V\u00fdhrevnos\u0165 drevav kWh\/kg<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Ve\u013emi such\u00e9 (zo su\u0161i\u010dky)<\/td>100 g<\/td>10 %<\/td>4,5 kWh<\/td><\/tr>
2 roky skladovan\u00e9<\/td>200 g<\/td>20 %<\/td>4,0 kWh<\/td><\/tr>
1 rok skladovan\u00e9<\/td>350 g<\/td>35%<\/td>3,0 kWh<\/td><\/tr>
\u010cerstvo nar\u00faban\u00e9 drevo<\/td>500 g<\/td>50%<\/td>2,1 kWh<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Nehrdzavej\u00faca oce\u013e triedy 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo 17 \u2013 12 \u2013 2) <\/strong>je materi\u00e1l vhodn\u00fd do chemicky agres\u00edvneho prostredia a do prostredia s prev\u00e1dzkovou teplotou do 400 \u00b0C. M\u00e1 n\u00edzky obsah uhl\u00edka, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje ve\u013emi mal\u00fa alebo \u017eiadnu n\u00e1chylnos\u0165 k medzikry\u0161t\u00e1lovej kor\u00f3zii pri dlhodobom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed. (4) \u010ci\u017ee materi\u00e1l celkovo vyhovuje pre podmienky pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed dreva.<\/p>\n\n

Oproti tomu oce\u013e triedy 1.4828 (X15CrNiSi 20 \u2013 12) <\/strong>je materi\u00e1l ur\u010den\u00fd na odolnos\u0165 hor\u00facim plynom a spalin\u00e1m nad 550 \u00b0C. (5) Pri dlhodobom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed pri teplot\u00e1ch 500-850 \u00b0C sa m\u00f4\u017ee skrehn\u00fa\u0165 a potom pri \u010dastom dilatovan\u00ed sa m\u00f4\u017ee roztrhn\u00fa\u0165. Tento jav mo\u017eno odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ac\u00edm \u017e\u00edhan\u00edm pri teplote pribli\u017ene 1100 \u00b0C.M\u00e1 7 kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed obsah uhl\u00edka ako normou preferovan\u00e1 oce\u013e 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo 17 \u2013 12 \u2013 2), z \u010doho sa tvor\u00ed chr\u00f3m karbid pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed (6) a kv\u00f4li tomu je menej odoln\u00fd proti medzikry\u0161t\u00e1lovej kor\u00f3zi\u00ed. (7)Tak\u00e9 podmienky na \u010do je vhodn\u00e1 menovan\u00e1 oce\u013e 1.4828 (X15CrNiSi 20 \u2013 12) s\u00fa v t\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f– po prv\u00e9, kozub nepou\u017e\u00edvame pod\u013ea jeho \u00fa\u010delu a s t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom do kom\u00edna p\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame spaliny s teplotou vy\u0161\u0161ou akou 250 \u00b0C,– po druh\u00e9, ke\u010f u\u017e nastane poistn\u00e1 udalos\u0165 a kom\u00edn vyhor\u00ed. To sa st\u00e1va pri zan\u00e1\u0161an\u00ed dechtom kv\u00f4li nevhodn\u00e9mu palivu alebo zlej obsluhy kozuba a zanedban\u00ed povinnej \u00fadr\u017eby kom\u00edna.<\/p>\n\n

Tak je dobr\u00e9 porozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 nad t\u00fdm, na \u010do vlastne navrhujeme kom\u00edn. Na podmienky ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pri norm\u00e1lnom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed zdroje tepla na drevo, alebo na nevhodn\u00e9 a \u017eivotu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie. Rozumn\u00fd \u010dlovek asi nechce ohrozova\u0165 ani seba a ani ostatn\u00fdch, teda ani nebude uva\u017eova\u0165 s t\u00fdm \u017ee \u00famyselne zap\u00e1li svoj kom\u00edn, alebo ho bude naschv\u00e1l nevhodne pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165. Vyberie kom\u00edn z materi\u00e1lu, ktor\u00ed je ur\u010den\u00fd na v\u00fdrobu kom\u00ednov\u00fdch vlo\u017eiek a kom\u00ednov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov na dreven\u00e9 paliv\u00e1, teda z nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo 17 \u2013 12 \u2013 2)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Na\u0161e kom\u00edny, a aj kom\u00edny svetozn\u00e1mych v\u00fdrobcov nerezov\u00fdch kom\u00ednov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 z ocele 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo 17 \u2013 12 \u2013 2)<\/strong> a sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa podmienky proti vyhoreniu sadz\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kom\u00edn bol otestovan\u00fd, v na\u0161om pr\u00edpade autorizovan\u00fdm pracoviskom TSUS<\/strong> (Technick\u00fd a sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fd \u00fastav stavebn\u00fd, n. o), spalinami s teplotou 1000 \u00b0C, po dobu predp\u00edsanou normou (30 min), a po nam\u00e1han\u00ed kom\u00edn vyhovel<\/strong> na sk\u00fa\u0161ku tesnosti. (8)<\/p>\n\n

Na z\u00e1ver to\u013eko, \u017ee normou a svetov\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobcami preferovan\u00e1 nehrdzavej\u00faca oce\u013e, pod\u013ea uveden\u00fdch faktov je viac vhodn\u00e1 na vyhotovenie kom\u00ednov\u00fdch vlo\u017eiek a nerezov\u00fdch kom\u00ednov. Inform\u00e1cie, \u017ee kom\u00edn zmizne po pr\u00edpade vyhoren\u00ed sadz\u00ed je taktie\u017e falo\u0161n\u00fd (normov\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161ku materi\u00e1l bez probl\u00e9mu vydr\u017e\u00ed), o tom nehovoriac, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm \u017eiaruvzdornej ocele 1.4828 (X15CrNiSi 20 \u2013 12) \u013eahko sa dostanete do falo\u0161nej il\u00fazi\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho kom\u00edna.<\/p>\n\n

Reakcia na falo\u0161n\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie poskytnut\u00e9 \u201esamozvan\u00fdmi technikmi<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n\n

1.<\/em>\u201eOce\u013e triedy 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo 17 \u2013 12 \u2013 2) sa rozpad\u00e1va pri vyhoren\u00ed\u201c<\/em>Ak je kom\u00edn certifikovan\u00fd tak bol aj vysk\u00fa\u0161an\u00fd technick\u00fdm \u00fastavom proti vyhoreniu sadz\u00ed. Po vyhoren\u00ed, dan\u00fd prvok mus\u00ed prejs\u0165 tlakovou sk\u00fa\u0161kou. Keby bol kom\u00edn bol naru\u0161en\u00fd a rozpad\u00e1val sa, tak pri sk\u00fa\u0161ke tesnosti by sa uk\u00e1zali zna\u010dn\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 straty.<\/p>\n\n

2.<\/em> \u201eIba plynov\u00fd kotol sa smie napoji\u0165 na kom\u00edn z nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele triedy 1.4404\u201c<\/em>Norma STN EN 15287-1 jednozna\u010dne odpor\u00fa\u010da t\u00fato triedu pre vyhotovenie kom\u00ednov pre zdroje tepla na drevo.<\/p>\n\n

3. \u201eTrieda ocele 1.4404 nedok\u00e1\u017ee odol\u00e1va\u0165 kysl\u00e9mu prostrediu\u201c<\/em>T\u00fato triedu distrib\u00fatori nerezov\u00fdch hutn\u00edckych v\u00fdrobkov ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako austenitick\u00e1 kyselinovzdorn\u00e1<\/strong> chr\u00f3mnikelmolybd\u00e9nov\u00e1 oce\u013e, s obsahom uhl\u00edka do 0,03 %, vysokoodoln\u00e1 proti kyselin\u00e1m a kor\u00f3zii<\/strong>, s miernym sklonom k jamkovej kor\u00f3zii v roztokoch s obsahom chl\u00f3ru. (9) Asi jej n\u00e1zov hovor\u00ed za seba.<\/p>\n\n

4. \u201eOdpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa triedu 1.4828 na vykurovanie drevom, lebo je viac odoln\u00fd na vyhorenie dechtu a je \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fd<\/em>.Kedy sa zan\u00e1\u0161a kom\u00edn dechtom? Ke\u010f rob\u00edte nie\u010do \u00faplne zle pri k\u00faren\u00ed. Spa\u013eujete nevhodn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly (napr\u00edklad r\u00f4zne odpady, plasty, at\u010f.), alebo ve\u013emi vlhk\u00e9 drevo, nie je dostato\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edvod vzduchu na horenie, alebo V\u00e1\u0161 kom\u00edn nie je dobre zaizolovan\u00fd a po sten\u00e1ch kom\u00edna sa decht vyr\u00e1\u017ea zo spalin\u00e1ch. S\u00fa to veci proti spr\u00e1vnemu u\u017e\u00edvaniu zdroje tepla, zni\u017euj\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 kom\u00edna, pr\u00edpade zdroje tepla, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u017eivota nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, o tom nehovoriac, \u017ee spa\u013eovan\u00edm do kozuba nepatriacich materi\u00e1lov zne\u010dis\u0165ujete \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. Ale aj ke\u010f u\u017e rob\u00edte tak\u00e9 nerozumnosti, alebo u\u017e m\u00e1te kom\u00edn postaven\u00ed a nechcete to vymeni\u0165, tak dajte kom\u00edn pravidelne vy\u010disti\u0165 komin\u00e1rovi aspo\u0148 tak, ako to predpisuje vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d.401\/2007 Z.z.: \u201eraz za \u0161tyri mesiace, ak s\u00fa do kom\u00edna pripojen\u00e9 spotrebi\u010de na tuh\u00e9 paliv\u00e1…\u201c. Ke\u010f kom\u00edn nebude zanesen\u00fd, nebude ma\u0165 \u010do horie\u0165. V kom\u00edne sa nevyskytne po\u017eiar (vyhorenie sadz\u00ed) a nie je potrebn\u00e9 aby kom\u00edn bol navrhnut\u00fd na vysokoteplotn\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku, na \u010do je \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e1 oce\u013e triedy 1.4828 ur\u010den\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

V pr\u00edpade vyhorenia sadz\u00ed kom\u00edn z u\u0161\u013eachtilej ocele triedy 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo17-12-2), po\u017eiar vydr\u017e\u00ed (aspo\u0148 po dobu 30 min.), ak bol na to odsk\u00fa\u0161an\u00fd a certifikovan\u00fd, a mo\u017eno si e\u0161te premysl\u00edte po po\u017eiari ako ste doteraz k\u00farili.<\/p>\n\n

Odkazy:<\/p>\n\n

1. STN EN 1856-1. Kom\u00edny. Po\u017eiadavky na kovov\u00e9 kom\u00edny. \u010cas\u0165 1: V\u00fdrobky kom\u00ednov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. <\/em>2009.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

2. Ko\u0161ko, Ing. Marcel. TZB Portal. Emisie vznikaj\u00face pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed dreva. <\/em>[Online] 2011. http:\/\/www.tzbportal.sk\/kurenie-voda-plyn\/emisie-vznikajuce-pri-spalovan…<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

3. \u0160alvata, Ing. Robert. Inspire.sk. Spr\u00e1vne k\u00farenie drevom v krboch a kach\u013eov\u00fdch peciach. <\/em>[Online] 2014. http:\/\/www.inspire.sk\/odborne-clanky-1\/spravne-kurenie-drevom-v-krboch-a…<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

4. antikora.sk. Nehrdzavaj\u00face ocele 1.4404. <\/em>[Online] http:\/\/antikora.sk\/inc\/INOX\/1.4404.pdf<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

5. STN EN 10 095. \u017diaruvzdorn\u00e9 ocele a niklov\u00e9 zliatiny. <\/em>2001.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

6. kmi2.uniza.sk. Katedra materi\u00e1lov\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva. Kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly 2. Antikor\u00f3zne ocele – te\u00f3ria. <\/em>[Online] http:\/\/kmi2.uniza.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/teoria-antikorozne-ocele…<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

7. antikora.sk. Nehrdzavaj\u00face ocele 1.4828. <\/em>[Online] http:\/\/antikora.sk\/inc\/INOX\/1.4828.pdf<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

8. STN EN 1859. Kom\u00edny. Kovov\u00e9 kom\u00edny. Sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy. <\/em>2013.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

9. STN EN 1856-2. Kom\u00edny. Po\u017eiadavky na kovov\u00e9 kom\u00edny. \u010cas\u0165 2: Kovov\u00e9 kom\u00ednov\u00e9 vlo\u017eky a dymovody. <\/em>2009.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na internete sa n\u00e1jde viacero f\u00f3r, kde sa debatuje o vhodnosti materi\u00e1lu 1.4404 pre vlo\u017ekovanie kom\u00ednov na tuh\u00e9 paliv\u00e1. U\u017e hne\u010f na za\u010diatku by sme chceli ujasni\u0165 nie\u010do. Norma STN EN 15287-1 + A1 (73 4216) \u2013 Kom\u00edny. Navrhovanie, mont\u00e1\u017e a prev\u00e1dzkovanie kom\u00ednov. \u010cas\u0165 1: Kom\u00edny pre otvoren\u00e9 spotrebi\u010de pal\u00edv (kateg\u00f3ria D2, drevo \u2013 zatvoren\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"\nMi\u00e9rt \u00e9ppen 1.4404 - KOMINOX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kominox.sk\/hu\/miert-eppen-14404\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mi\u00e9rt \u00e9ppen 1.4404 - KOMINOX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Na internete sa n\u00e1jde viacero f\u00f3r, kde sa debatuje o vhodnosti materi\u00e1lu 1.4404 pre vlo\u017ekovanie kom\u00ednov na tuh\u00e9 paliv\u00e1. U\u017e hne\u010f na za\u010diatku by sme chceli ujasni\u0165 nie\u010do. Norma STN EN 15287-1 + A1 (73 4216) \u2013 Kom\u00edny. 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